至於玩着“搖咕咚”的郭巨的兒子，卻實在值得同情。 他被抱在他母親的臂膊上，高高興興地笑著；他的父親卻正在掘窟窿，要將他埋掉了。說明云，“漢郭巨家貧，有子三歲，母嘗減食與之。巨謂妻曰，貧乏不能供母，子又分母之食。盍埋此子？”但是劉向《孝子傳》所說，卻又有些不同：巨家是富的，他都給了兩弟；孩子是纔生的，並沒有到三歲。結末又大略相像了，“及掘坑二尺，得黃金一釜，上云：天賜郭巨，官不得取，民不得奪！”
As for Guo Ju’s son playing the “shaking gudong”, he truly evoked sympathy. In his mother’s arms, he was smiling so joyfully; meanwhile, his father was digging a hole to bury him. The text on the image read: “Guo Ju from the Han dynasty lived in a poor family. His son was three years old, and the boy’s grandmother used to spare her food for him. [Guo Ju] said to his wife: ‘We’re too poor to provide for my mother, and our son takes her share of food. Why don’t we bury this son?’” However, another version of the story in the Biographies of Model Sons by Liu Xiang [77-6 BCE] was slightly different: Guo Ju’s family was rich, but he left all the family’s wealth to his younger brothers; his boy was a newborn, not even three years old. This version read in a similar way [to the other version] towards the end: “When the hole [he] was digging reached two feet deep, [he] found a jar of gold, with an inscription that read: ‘Heaven bestows this to Guo Ju. Neither the authorities nor commoners are to take it [from him]!’”
我最初實在替這孩子捏一把汗，待到掘出黃金一釜，這纔覺得輕鬆。然而我已經不但自己不敢再想做孝子，並且怕我父親去做孝子了。家景正在壞下去，常聽到父母愁柴米；祖母又老了，倘使我的父親竟學了郭巨，那麼，該埋的不正是我麼？如果一絲不走樣，也掘出一釜黃金來，那自然是如天之福，但是，那時我雖然年紀小，似乎也明白天下未必有這樣的巧事。
In the beginning, I really got in a sweat for the child, and my anxiety was not relieved until [the father] found that jar of gold. However, by then I no longer dared to think about becoming a model son, and I also feared that my father would be a model son. Life was becoming more and more difficult for my family, and I noticed that my parents constantly worried about everyday provisions. Besides, my grandmother was getting old. Had my father followed Guo Ju’s example, would it not have been me who should be buried? If everything worked out as in the story, with a jar of gold found in the end, it would certainly be a blessing from heaven, but I vaguely understood, despite my age at the time, that there might not be such a coincidence in the world.
現在想起來，實在很覺得傻氣。 這是因為現在已經知道了這些老玩意，本來誰也不實行。……不過彼一時，此一時，彼時我委實有點害怕：掘好深坑，不見黃金，連“搖咕咚”一同埋下去，蓋上土，踏得實實的，又有什麼法子可想呢。 我想，事情雖然未必實現，但我從此總怕聽到我的父母愁窮，怕看見我的白髮的祖母，總覺得她是和我不兩立，至少，也是一個和我的生命有些妨礙的人。 後來這印象日見其淡了，但總有一些留遺，一直到她去世——這大概是送給《二十四孝圖》的儒者所萬料不到的罷。
I find myself silly when I look back now, for I’ve learned that nobody put this old stuff into practice anyway. […] But things were different back then; I was really scared: what if the deep hole was ready, with no sign of gold, and the “shaking gudong” was buried along with [the child], soil put on top of it and stamped firm? I think, although such things never happened, since I read this story I had always been afraid to hear how poverty worried my parents and to see my white-haired grandmother, always suspecting that she and I could never coexist, or at least that she somewhat stood in the way of my life. Later, this impression gradually faded, but it was never completely gone until she passed away: the learned man who gave me that copy of Illustrations of the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars probably didn’t anticipate this.
* From Lu Xun, Zhaohua xishi 朝花夕拾 (in Lu Xun quanji 魯迅全集 vol. 2, Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 2005), 262-64.
Image of Guo Ju from the Japanese edition of Illustrations of the Twenty-four Filial Exemplars cited by Lu Xun
Image credit: 教育学研究科・教育学部図書室 Graduate School of Education / Faculty of Education Library in the University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Detail of the album leaf depicting Guo Ju's story by Jiang Pu 蔣溥 (1708-1761)
Image credit: National Palace Museum, Taipei
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